Cavity expansion is a research area that focuses on the study and analysis of the process of expanding pre-existing cavities or voids in materials. This research is commonly applied in the fields of geomechanics, underground excavation, mining, and civil engineering, among others. The process of cavity expansion involves the application of external loads to a material containing a pre-existing cavity, leading to the expansion of the cavity and the development of plastic deformation zones around it. Researchers in this field study the mechanics of cavity expansion, the stresses and strains generated during the process, and how these factors influence the overall behavior and stability of the material. Cavity expansion research aims to improve our understanding of the behavior of materials containing cavities under external loading conditions, and to develop computational models and numerical simulations that can accurately predict the response of materials to cavity expansion. This knowledge is essential for designing and constructing safe and stable structures in various applications.